mtDNA (mitochondrial DNA) haplogroups are genetic classifications defined by mutations in mitochondrial DNA, passed exclusively from mother to offspring. They provide insights into maternal ancestry, ancient migrations, and population history.

Genetic Genealogy and Ancient Lineage Tracing

• Deep Maternal Ancestry: mtDNA haplogroups trace lineages back to "Mitochondrial Eve," the most recent common matrilineal ancestor of all living humans.
• Migration Patterns: Distinct haplogroups correlate with geographic regions (e.g., haplogroup H in Europe, L in Africa), revealing prehistoric human dispersals.
• High Mutation Rate: The non-coding control region (D-loop) mutates rapidly, enabling finer-resolution genealogical matching in recent centuries.

Health Insights

mtDNA mutations are linked to mitochondrial disorders affecting energy production. Some haplogroups (e.g., J, K) show associations with neurodegenerative disease risk and longevity, though mechanisms remain under investigation.

Limitations

mtDNA reveals only direct maternal ancestry, requiring combination with autosomal DNA for comprehensive genealogical insights.

mtDNA Haplogroup Test

You will receive your mtDNA haplogroup result, plus your phylogenetic haplogroup tree which traces your maternal ancestry line.